First, to be fair to Tobias he said "That could have been the rat that will pass on the genetic material that someday grows a smarter rat. And fifty million years from now, maybe that's the DNA, the stuff that's needed to push the earliest primate over the top. I may have wiped out the human race"
That's not saying rodents suddenly turn into primates
Second, you yourself are blurring evolution and natural selection.
Evolution doesn't have to be adaptive: Evolution is
change in gene frequency. Doesn't exclusively mean descendants are better suited to a setting (in fact if one set of genes is becoming better adapted and through that more frequent, than another set of genes must be becoming less frequent. Both are still evolving).
Natural selection promotes adaptation, but it is just one way in which populations evolve.
And finally yes, evolution does not work that way: and the rodents do not in any case give rise to the primates: that connection's a long way back