Yeerks are clearly some type of photosynthetic life-form, but I don't think they are plants. Of course we can't really classify any of the alien species in the series because they evolved on other planets and therefore probably don't fall into Earth's categories for identifying plant and animal life.
For example: Andalites have fur and resemble certain Earth mammals, but as far as we know they don't have mammary glands. Hork-Bajir are implied to resemble reptiles, but they don't appear to be cold-blooded.
It's never said for sure, but we can assume that they can't morph plants or microscopic organisms such as bacteria (not that they would ever want/need to). It's possible that there is a safety mechanism built into the morphing technology to prevent the acquiring/morphing of certain creatures.